Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline after a single intravenous,oral or intramuscular dose in Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata)

1. The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in ducks were investigated after a single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) or oral (PO) dose at 20 mg/kg body weight.

2. The concentrations of doxycycline in plasma samples were assayed using a high performance liquid chromatography method, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model.

3. After IV administration, doxycycline had a mean (±SD) distribution volume (V_z) of 1761.9 ± 328.5 ml/kg and was slowly eliminated with a terminal half-life (t_1/2λz) of 21.21±1.47 h and a total body clearance (Cl) of 57.51 ± 9.50 ml/h/kg. Following PO and IM administration, doxycycline was relatively slowly absorbed – the peak concentrations (C_max) were 17.57 ± 4.66 μg/ml at 2 h and 25.01 ± 4.18 μg/ml at 1.5 h, respectively. The absolute bioavailabilities (F) of doxycycline after PO and IM administration were 39.13% and 70.71%, respectively.

4. The plasma profile of doxycycline exhibited favourable pharmacokinetics characteristics in Muscovy ducks, such as wide distribution, relatively slow absorption and slow elimination, though oral bioavailability was low.

     

Polymorphism identification in BMP15 and GDF9 genes and their association with egg production in chickens

1. Mutations in growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are significantly associated with reproductive performance in mammals and the objective of the present study was to identify polymorphic sites and elucidate the association between genotypes in BMP15 and GDF9 and egg production.

2. Polymorphisms in BMP15 exon1 and GDF9 exon2 were detected by DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP. Three SNPs were detected in each of BMP15 (A111G, C231T and C34T) and GDF9 (G593A, T824C and C896T). C34T leads to the substitution of Leu by Phe, which was predicted to affect protein function.

3. Results of the association analysis indicated that C34T had an effect on total egg production at 300 d of age (EN) and age at first laying (AFE). G593A affected EN and both C231T and C896T influenced AFE. The TGC₁TGC₁ diplotype in BMP15 had the highest EN.

4. In conclusion, EN may be significantly improved by marker-assisted selection of the BMP15 genotypes in maternal lines of Shaobo hens.     

互花米草生境中人工巢巢捕食研究

为了研究江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区互花米草生境中繁殖鸟巢的被捕食情况及影响捕食的因素,2014年3~6月,在保护区第三核心区鸟类繁殖生境中,使用人工巢及真实鹌鹑蛋进行巢捕食实验的方法进行巢捕食实验,分析不同巢高度、覆盖度、边缘距离、植被密度等因素对鸟巢被捕食的影响。实验共放置520个人工巢,1 040枚卵,使用红外相机对部分人工巢进行监测。结果表明:在江苏大丰麋鹿自然保护区互花米草生境内,人工巢存在较高的被捕食率,共有352巢被捕食,占67.7%,对11个变量进行逻辑斯蒂回归,巢高度、植被均高、主要植被密度、距边缘距离、水平覆盖度、上层垂直覆盖度等6个变量进人最终模型,巢高度、距边缘距离与巢被捕食显著相关。通过红外相机拍摄从102个监测巢中记录到69个捕食事件,68巢黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)和1巢黑眉锦蛇(Elaphe taeniura)捕食。我们认为互花米草生境中缺乏啮齿类动物的天敌是当地人工巢被捕食的主要原因。     

Effect of water extract from spent mushroom substrate after Ganoderma balabacense cultivation by using JUNCAO technique on production performance and hematology parameters of dairy cows

The spent mushroom substrate of Ganoderma balabacense cultivation (SMSGB) contains a large amount of bioactive substances. However, the potentials of SMSGB for improving milk production in dairy cows have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, the effects of hot water extract (HWE) from spent mushroom substrate after G. balabacense cultivated with JUNCAO, the herbaceous plants long‐known to be suitable for cultivating edible and medicinal fungi, on production performance and hematology parameters of dairy cows, were determined. Holstein dairy cows were fed different doses of HWE. After a 60‐day administration period with 100 g/day of HWE, milk yield, milk protein and triglyceride (TG) levels increased by 4.02% (P < 0.01), 4.49% (P < 0.05) and 32.65% (P < 0.05), respectively; somatic cell count (SCC) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The production performance of dairy cows suggests that HWE with SMSGB treatment is effective in improving milk yield (P < 0.01) and hematology parameters of dairy cows, and may be useful as a functional feed additive.     

贵州某野生动物园长臂猿流感病毒、支原体及巴氏杆菌混合感染的诊治

为弄清贵州某野生动物园长臂猿死亡的原因,本试验采用流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理剖检诊断和RT-PCR检测确诊等方法,对该野生动物园发病长臂猿进行了诊断。试验结果显示,流行病学调查、剖检病理初步诊断该野生动物园长臂猿疑似流感病毒、支原体和细菌混合感染,RT-PCR/PCR检测确诊发病长臂猿为流感病毒、支原体混合感染,细菌分离培养、生化特性鉴定和动物致病性试验确诊为多杀性巴氏杆菌感染。结果表明造成该野生动物园长臂猿发病死亡的原因为流感病毒、支原体和多杀性巴氏杆菌混合感染。根据诊断及药敏试验结果,制定出了免疫预防及治疗措施。     

Daily variation in body mass and thermoregulation in male Hwamei(Garrulax canorus) at different seasons

Background: Acclimatization to winter conditions is an essential prerequisite for survival of small passerines of the northern temperate zone. In the present study, we measured diurnal variations in body mass, body temperature and basal metabolic rate(BMR) for seasonally acclimatized Hwameis(Garrulax canorus).Methods: Body mass was determined with a Sartorius balance. Metabolic rates of Hwameis were measured with an open-circuit respirometry system.Results: Body masses varied with time of day and were higher in daytime for Hwameis in both summer and winter, and body masses in winter were higher compared to that in summer. Body temperatures of Hwameis were higher in daytime, and the summer acclimatized birds had significantly higher body temperatures compared to the winter acclimatized birds. BMRs of Hwameis were significantly higher during the daytime compared to the nighttime of the daily cycle in both summer and winter, and Hwameis in winter had significantly higher BMRs than that in summer.Conclusions: This result showed that Hwameis rely mostly on metabolic capacity to maintain their body temperature in cold weathers, and Hwameis exhibited daily and seasonal flexibility in morphology and physiology which is important under changing environmental conditions.     

关于黑龙江省造林绿化信息系统的研究

本文论述了退耕还林管理信息系统应用软件的研制及主要功能、特点。该软件主要为黑龙江省各级林业部门提供有关退耕还林管理的辅助决策服务;它是集地理信息、管理信息、资源信息、动态信息于一体的应用软件。     

松针维生素原浓缩物的研制和应用

维生素原浓缩物是一种橙黄色油质产品,经分析含有β-胡萝卜素(约0.25％)、维生索E(约1％)、叶绿醇(约25％)和谷甾醇等生物活性物质。临床应用表明,可作化妆品(发乳和美容霜)的生物活性成分。制备1公斤维生素原浓缩物,约需新鲜马尾松嫩枝叶100公斤。     

橡子利用的研究（Ⅲ）——橡实淀粉的特性

研究了橡实淀粉的化学成分、颗粒形貌、Ｘ－射线衍射图谱与模型、碘亲和力与链淀粉含量、差热分析、糊化温度、糊粘度曲线及冰融稳定性等性质，并对其利用的可能范围进行了分析．     

果内核桃举肢蛾低龄幼虫防治研究初报

核桃是山区主要经济树种之一,由于核桃举肢蛾(Atrijuglous hetaonei yang)的为害,使核桃大幅度减产、变质,甚致绝收。过去的防治目标集中在果外的各个虫态的防治,防止幼虫蛀入果内,一旦蛀入,多采取摘掉或拾毁虫果,减少了当年的收入,或者是刨树盘树上、树下多次喷药防治成虫,有条件的地区可以收到较好的效果。但是核桃多分布在山区,刨树盘难;干高冠大的树不易喷药,加上山区缺水,连续喷药不易做到。为探讨解决这一问题,1988-1991年,我们作了用高压注射机将久效磷注射到树干内,防治果内低龄幼虫的研究。